CRASH-1000: Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls, and Output

In this tutorial, you will learn to:

•	View LS-DYNA keywords in the Engineering Solutions - Crash – LS-DYNA user profile as they will appear in the exported LS-DYNA input file

•	Understand part, material, and section creation and element organization

•	Create sets

•	Create velocities

•	Understand the relation of LS-DYNA entity type to HyperMesh element and load configurations

•	Create nodal single point constraints

•	Create contacts with set segment ID

•	Define output and termination

•	Export models to LS-DYNA formatted input files

The model files used in this exercise can be found in the es.zip file. Copy the file(s) from this directory to your working directory.

Element property and material assignment rules are based on the current user profile (solver interface).

Element Property and Material Assignment Rules for LS-DYNA Solver

•	Components have no card images; typically "part" card images.

•	Properties and materials are only assigned to components; properties and materials are not directly assigned to elements. Use the Entity Editor to assign properties and materials to components.

•	Elements are assigned through the property and material assigned to the component in which they are organized into.

•	If a component is not assigned to a property or material, then all of the elements within that component will not have a property or material assignment.

Property/material assignment schematic

The figure below shows how the keywords *PART, *ELEMENT, *MAT, and *SECTION relate to each other.

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Relation of PART, ELEMENT, MAT, and SECTION to each other

*ELEMENT EID PID

*PART PID SID MID

*SECTION SID

*MAT MID

A *PART shares attributes such as section properties (*SECTION) and a material model (*MAT). A group of elements (*ELEMENT) sharing common attributes generally share a common part ID (PID). The figure below shows how the keywords *PART, *ELEMENT, *MAT and *SECTION relate to each other. A unique PID assigns a material ID (MID) and a section ID (SID) to an element.

The table below shows how the *ELEMENT, *PART, *SECTION, and *MAT keywords are organized.

*ELEMENT EID PID	Elements are organized into a component collector
*PART PID SID MID	Component collector’s card image
*SECTION SID	Property collector with a property card image. Assign a property to a *PART by pointing to the property collector in the component collector’s card image.
*MAT MID	Material collector with a material card image. Assign the material to the *PART by associating the material collector to the component collector.

Create and modify component, property, and material collectors in the Collectors panel, Model or Solver browser, and Entity Editor.

View LS-DYNA keywords in Engineering Solutions

An Engineering Solutions card image allows you to view the keywords and data lines for defined LS-DYNA entities as interpreted by the loaded template. The keywords and data lines appear in the exported LS-DYNA input file as you see them in the card images. Additionally, for some card images, you can define and edit various parameters and data items for the corresponding LS-DYNA keyword.

View card images using the Card Editor, which can be accessed by doing one of the following:

•	From the menu bar, click Model > Component > Card Edit.

•	On the Collectors toolbar, click .

•	In the Model browser or Solver browser, right-click on an entity and select Card Edit from the context menu.

Create *MAT

In Engineering Solutions, a *MAT is a material collector with a card image. To relate it to a *PART, the material collector is associated to a component collector.

Create a material collector by doing one of the following:

•	In the Model browser or Solver browser, right-click and select Create > Material from the context menu.

•	From the menu bar, click Model > Material > Create.

•	On the Collectors toolbar, click .

Update a component’s material

Change the material assigned to a component in the Component Collectors panel, update subpanel, or in the Entity Editor.

•	Access the update subpanel by clicking on the Collectors toolbar.

•	Access the Entity Editor by left-clicking on a component in the Model or Solver browser.

Material table

Use the Material Table to:

•	View existing materials in an interactive tabular list

•	Create materials

•	Merge identical materials

•	Search for duplicate materials

•	Change the properties of existing materials

•	Access this tool from the menu bar by clicking Model > Material Table, or by clicking Material Table from the Utility menu.

Create *SECTION

In Engineering Solutions, *SECTION is a property collector with a card image.

Create a property collector by doing one of the following:

•	In the Model browser or Solver browser, right-click and select Create > Property from the context menu.

•	From the menu bar, click Model > Property > Create.

•	On the Collectors toolbar, click .

Exercise objective and tasks

The purpose for this exercise is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA materials, sections and parts using Engineering Solutions – Crash - LS-DYNA.

In this exercise you will set up model data for a LS-DYNA analysis of a hybrid III dummy head impacting an A-pillar. The head and A-pillar model is depicted below.

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Head and A-pillar model

This exercise contains the following tasks:

•	Define the material *MAT_ELASTIC for the A-pillar part and head part.

•	Define *SECTION_SHELL for the A-pillar.

•	Define *SECTION_SOLID for the head.

•	Define *PART for the A-pillar and the head.

Step 1: Load the Engineering Solutions Crash - LS-DYNA user profile

1.	From the Start menu, select Engineering Solutions > Crash > (HyperMesh).

2.	Select the LS-DYNA profile in Crash.

Click OK.

Step 2: Retrieve the model file

1.	To open a model file, click File > Open from the menu bar, or click on the Standard toolbar.

2.	In the Open Model dialog, select the head_start.hm file. The model appears in the graphics area.

Step 3: Define the material *MAT_ELASTIC for the A-pillar and head

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > MAT > MAT(1-50) > 1 - MAT_ELASTIC from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new material in the Entity Editor.

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2.	For Name, enter ELASTIC.

3.	For Rho (Density), enter 1.2E-6.

4.	For E (Young's modulus), enter 210.

5.	For Nu (Poisson's ratio), enter 0.26.

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Step 4: Define property (*SECTION_SHELL) with a thickness of 3.5 mm for the A-pillar

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > SECTION > SECTION_SHELL from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new property in the Entity Editor.

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2.	For Name, enter section3.5.

3.	Expand NonUniformThickness, and enter 3.5 for T1.

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Step 5: Define *SECTION_SOLID for the head

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > SECTION > SECTION_SOLID from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new property in the Entity Editor.

2.	For Name, enter solid.

Step 6: Define *PART for the A-pillar

MAT_ELASTIC is the material collector named "ELASTIC". *SECTION_SHELL is the property collector named "section3.5".

1.	In the Model browser, Component folder, click pillar. The Entity Editor opens, and displays the component's corresponding data.

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2.	Set Card image to Part.

3.	For Material, click Unspecified >> Material.

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4.	In the Select Material dialog, select ELASTIC and then click OK. Engineering Solutions assigns the material Elastic to the component pillar.

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5.	For Property, click Unspecified >> Property.

6.	In the Select Property dialog, select section3.5 and then click OK. Engineering Solutions assigns the property section3.5 to the component pillar.

Step 7: Define *PART for the head

*MAT_ELASTIC is the material collector named "ELASTIC". *SECTION_SOLID is the property collector named "solid".

1.	In the Model browser, Component folder, click head. The Entity Editor opens, and displays the component's corresponding data.

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2.	Set Card Image to Part.

3.	Assign the material ELASTIC to the component.

4.	Assign the property solid to the component.

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Step 8 (Optional): Save your work

The exercise is complete. Save your work as a HyperMesh file named head_2.hm.

*INITIAL_VELOCITY_(Option)

LS-DYNA keywords used for defining initial velocity.

LS-DYNA keyword	Velocity applied to …	Setup in HyperMesh
*INITIAL_VELOCITY	set of nodes, *SET_NODE_LIST	Entity set of nodes, load collector with InitialVel card image
*INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION	one PART or set of parts, SET_PART_LIST	Entity set of comps, load collector with InitialVel card image
*INITIAL_VELOCITY_NODE	individual nodes	Created from Velocity panel, organized in load collector with no card image

*SET

Graphically view a set’s contents in the Entity Sets panel using the review function.

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HyperMesh entity configurations and types

HyperMesh elements and loads have two identifiers:

•	Configuration - a HyperMesh core feature.

•	Type - defined by the loaded FE output template. A configuration can support multiple types. Before creating elements or loads, select the desired type from either the Elem Types panel.

Only use the Load Types subpanel to directly create loads on nodes or elements. For all other cases, define loads by creating a load collector with a card image. For example, *INITIAL_VELOCITY_NODE (applied directly to nodes) is created from the Velocities panel, while *INITIAL_VELOCITY (applied to nodes in a set) is a load collector with the InitialVel card image.

View a list of element and load configurations in the Elem Types panel and the Load Types panel, respectively.

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Elem Types panel

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Load Types panel

Some element configurations are rigid and quad4. When you load a dyna.key template, the following types of the rigid configuration are available: RgdBody, ConNode, and GenWeld (*CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY, *CONSTRAINED_NODE_SET, and *CONSTRAINED_GENERALIZED_WELD_SPOT).

Similarly, some load configurations are force and pressure. Types of the pressure configuration are ShellPres and SegmentPre (*LOAD_SHELL_ELEMENT and *LOAD_SEGMENT).

Most element and load configurations have their own panels. For example, rigids are created with the Rigids panel and constraints are created with the Constraints panel.

*BOUNDARY_SPC_(Option)

LS-DYNA keywords used for defining nodal single point constraints.

LS-DYNA keyword	Constraint applied to …	Setup in HyperMesh
*BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE	individual nodes	These are constraints created from the Constraints panel and organized into a load collector with no card image.
*BOUNDARY_SPC_SET	a set of nodes *SET_NODE_LIST	This is an entity set of nodes referenced in a load collector’s BoundSpcSet card image.

CONTACT and SET_SEGMENT

A LS-DYNA contact is a HyperMesh group. Select groups when you want to manipulate a *CONTACT, such as delete, renumber, or display it off.

LS-DYNA contact master and slave types

LS-DYNA has multiple contact master and slave types from which to choose.

*SET_SEGMENT and Contactsurfs panel

Create a *SET_SEGMENT by right-clicking in the Solver browser and selecting Create > *SET > *SET_SEGMENT from the context menu. Additionally, add and remove elements from an existing *SET_SEGMENT and adjust the normal of segments without adjusting the normal of elements with the Contactsurfs panel.

The graphical representation of a contactsurf is pyramids, one pyramid for each segment. The orientation of a pyramid represents the normal orientation of the segment.

By default, the orientation of a pyramid is the same as the normal of the element underneath.

Exercise objective and tasks

The purpose for this exercise is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA boundary conditions, loads and contacts using Engineering Solutions.

In this exercise you will set up the boundary conditions and load data for a LS-DYNA analysis of a hybrid III dummy head impacting an A-pillar. The head and A-pillar model is depicted below.

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Head and A-pillar model

This exercise contains the following tasks:

•	Define velocity on all nodes of the head with *INITIAL_VELOCITY

•	Constrain the pillar’s end nodes in all six degrees of freedom with *BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE

•	Define a contact between the head and A-pillar with *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

Step 1: Make sure the Engineering Solutions Crash LS-DYNA user profile is still loaded

1.	To select a user profile, click Preferences > User Profiles from the menu bar, or click on the Standard toolbar.

2.	Select Engineering Solutions >Crash> LS-DYNA.

Click OK.

Step 2: Retrieve the model file head_2.hm

1.	To open a model file, click File > Open from the menu bar, or click on the Standard toolbar.

2.	In the Open Model dialog, open the head_2.hm file. The model appears in the graphics area.

3.	Observe the model using various visual options available in Engineering Solutions (rotation, zooming, and so on).

Step 3: Create a node set, *SET_NODE_LIST, containing all the nodes in the head component

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > SET > SET_NODE > *SET_NODE_LIST from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new set in the Entity Editor.

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2.	For Name, enter Vel_Nodes.

3.	For Entity IDs, click 0 Nodes >> Nodes.

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4.	In the panel area, click Nodes >> by collector.

5.	Select the component, head.

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6.	Click select.

7.	Click proceed.

Step 4: Define the velocity

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > INITIAL >INITIAL_VELOCITY from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new load collector in the Entity Editor.

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2.	For Name, enter init_vel.

3.	Click NSID (Node Set ID), and then click Set.

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4.	In the Select Set dialog, select Vel_Nodes and then click OK.

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5.	For VX (x-component of mass center of velocity), enter 5.

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Step 5: Create a load collector for the constraints to be created

1.	In the Model browser, right-click and select Create > Load Collector from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new load collector in the Entity Editor.

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2.	For Name, enter SPC.

3.	Optional: Click the Color icon, and select a color to display the load collector.

4.	Set Card Image to <None>.

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Step 6: Create constraints on the pillar’s end nodes

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > BOUNDARY > BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE from the context menu. The Constraints panel opens.

2.	In the panel area, set the entity selector to nodes.

3.	Click nodes >> by sets.

4.	Select the entity set, nodes for SPC.

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5.	Click select. Engineering Solutions selects the nodes at both ends of the pillar.

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6.	Verify that all six dof (degree of freedom) checkboxes are selected.

7.	Verify that the load type is set to BoundSPC.

8.	Click create.

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9.	Click return to close the panel.

Step 7: Define a *SET_SEGMENT for the slave entities, the A-pillar elements

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > SET > SET_SEGMENT > *SET_SEGMENT from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new contactsurf in the Entity Editor.

2.	For Name, enter pillar_slave.

3.	Optional: Click the Color icon, and select a color to display the contactsurf.

4.	For Elements, click 0 Elements >> Elements.

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5.	In the panel area, set the second switch to elems.

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6.	Click elems >> by collector.

7.	Select the component, pillar.

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8.	Click select.

9.	Click add.

10.	Review the contactsurf to make sure that its pyramids are pointing out of the pillar.

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11.	Click return to close the panel.

Step 8: Define a *SET_SEGMENT for the master entities, the head elements

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > SET > SET_SEGMENT > *SET_SEGMENT from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new contactsurf in the Entity Editor.

2.	For Name, enter head_master.

3.	Optional: Click the Color icon, and select a color to display the contactsurf.

4.	For Elements, click 0 Elements >> Elements.

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5.	In the panel area, set the first switch to add solid faces.

6.	Set the second switch to elems.

7.	Click elems >> by collector.

8.	Select the component, head.

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9.	Click select.

10.	Using the nodes selector, select three nodes that belong to the same face of a solid element.

11.	In the face angle field, enter 30.

12.	Select the reverse normals checkbox.

13.	Click add.

14.	Review the contactsurf to make sure that its pyramids are pointing out of the head.

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15.	Click return to close the panel.

Step 9: Create a HyperMesh group with the SurfaceToSurface card image

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > CONTACT > CONTACT_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE > *CONTACT_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new group in the Entity Editor.

2.	For Name, enter contact.

Step 10: Add the slave and master contactsurfs to the HyperMesh group

In this step, the Entity Editor should still be open for the group, contact.

1.	In the Entity Editor, click MSID and set the entity selector to contactsurfs.

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2.	Click contactsurfs.

3.	In the Select Contactsurfs dialog, select head_master and then click OK.

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4.	Click SSID, and set the entity selector to Contactsurfs.

5.	Click Contactsurfs.

6.	In the Select Contactsurfs dialog, select pillar_slave and then click OK.

Step 11: Edit the group’s card image to define the AUTOMATIC option

In this step, the Entity Editor should still be open for the group, contact.

1.	In the Entity Editor, for the first Options parameter, select Automatic.

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Step 12: Review the group’s master and slave surfaces

1.	To open the Interfaces panel, click on the Setup page radio button and then click interfaces.

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2.	Go to the add subpanel.

3.	Click name=, and select contact.

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4.	Click review. Engineering Solutions temporarily displays the master and slave entities in blue and red, respectively.

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5.	Click return to close the panel.

Step 13 (Optional): Save your work

The exercise is complete. Save your work as a HyperMesh file named head_3.hm.

CONTROL and DATABASE

*CONTROL cards are optional, but can be used to change defaults and activate solution options, such as mass scaling, adaptive meshing, and an implicit solution. It is advisable to define *CONTROL_TERMINATION in a model to specify a job’s end time.

*DATABASE cards are optional, but are necessary to obtain output files containing results.

Exercise objective and tasks

The purpose for this exercise is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA control data and output requests using Engineering Solutions.

In this exercise you will define the termination and output for a LS-DYNA analysis of a hybrid III dummy head impacting an A-pillar. The head and A-pillar model is shown in the image below.

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Head and A-pillar model

This exercise contains the following tasks:

•	Specify the time at which LS-DYNA is to stop the analysis with *CONTROL_TERMINATION

•	Specify ASCII output with *DATABASE_(Option) cards

•	Specify the output of d3plot files with *DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT

•	Export the model to an LS-DYNA 970 formatted input file

Step 1: Make sure the Engineering Solutions Crash - LS-DYNA user profile is still loaded

1.	To select a user profile, click Preferences > User Profiles from the menu bar, or click on the Standard toolbar.

2.	Select Engineering Solutions >Crash> LS-DYNA.

Click OK.

Step 2: Retrieve the model file head_3.hm

1.	To open a model file, click File > Open from the menu bar, or click on the Standard toolbar.

2.	In the Open Model dialog, open the head_3.hm file. The model appears in the graphics area.

Step 3: Specify the time at which you want LS-DYNA to stop the analysis with *CONTROL_TERMINATION

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > CONTROL > CONTROL_TERMINATION from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new control in the Entity Editor.

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2.	For ENDTIM (termination time), enter 2.5.

Step 4: Specify the output of d3plot files with *DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > DATABASE > DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new database in the Entity Editor.

2.	For DT (time interval between outputs), enter 0.1.

Step 5: Specify ASCII output with *DATABASE_(Option) cards

1.	In the Solver browser, right-click and select Create > DATABASE > DATABASE_OPTION from the context menu. Engineering Solutions creates and opens a new database in the Entity Editor.

2.	Select the GLSTAT checkbox.

3.	For DT, enter 0.1.

Note:

This specifies the output of global data at every 0.1 ms.

4.	Select the MATSUM checkbox.

5.	For DT, enter 0.1.

Note:

This specifies the output of material energies every 0.1 ms.

6.	Select the SPCFORC checkbox.

7.	For DT, enter 0.1.

Note:

This specifies the output of SPC reaction forces every 0.1 ms.

Step 6: Export the model as an LS-DYNA keyword file

1.	From the menu bar, click File > Export > Solver Deck.

2.	In the Export tab, select LsDyna from the File type list.

3.	From the Template list, select appropriate template.

4.	In the File field, navigate to your working directory and save the file as head_complete.key.

5.	Click Export.

Step 7 (Optional): Submit the LS-DYNA input file to LS-DYNA 970

1.	From your desktop’s Start menu, open the LS-DYNA Manager program.

2.	From the solvers menu, select Start LS-DYNA analysis.

3.	Load the file head_complete.key.

4.	Click OK to start the analysis.

Step 8 (Optional): Post-Process the LS-DYNA results using HyperView

The exercise is complete. Save your work to a HyperMesh file.

CRASH-1000: Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls, and Output

CRASH-1000: Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls, and Output

CRASH-1000: Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls, and Output

Element Property and Material Assignment Rules for LS-DYNA Solver

Property/material assignment schematic

Relation of *PART, *ELEMENT, *MAT, and *SECTION to each other

View LS-DYNA keywords in Engineering Solutions

Create *MAT

Update a component’s material

Material table

Create *SECTION

Exercise objective and tasks

*INITIAL_VELOCITY_(Option)

LS-DYNA keyword

Velocity applied to …

Setup in HyperMesh

*SET

HyperMesh entity configurations and types

*BOUNDARY_SPC_(Option)

LS-DYNA keyword

Constraint applied to …

Setup in HyperMesh

*CONTACT and *SET_SEGMENT

LS-DYNA contact master and slave types

*SET_SEGMENT and Contactsurfs panel

Exercise objective and tasks

*CONTROL and *DATABASE

Exercise objective and tasks

Relation of PART, ELEMENT, MAT, and SECTION to each other

CONTACT and SET_SEGMENT

CONTROL and DATABASE