Panel Inputs
Input
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Action
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entity selector
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Select the type of entity that you wish to pick. Choices are elems or comps.
In any case, the fluxes are applied to nodes; this choice simply determines how those nodes are selected. Elems select the nodes at the corner of each element picked. Geometric points select the nodes at which they exist. Comps select all of the nodes contained within the chosen component or set.
If you choose comps or sets, the loads are drawn using a single indicator. As a result, a new button called display appears. This allows you to indicate where in the model you wish the indicator to be drawn, and requires additional steps.
When you select nodes or elems, click the switch to change the selection mode.
nodes
Select individual nodes.
faces
Select all of the nodes on 2D and 3D faces.
If there are discontinuities on a 2D face, then only the nodes inbetween the discontinuities will be selected.
2D faces ext
Select all of the nodes on a 2D face that contain discontinuities.
loops
Select all of the nodes on continuous free edges that make a closed loop simultaneously, such as the perimeter of a hole.
Only valid for SHELL elements.
free edges
Select all of the nodes on free edges of elements.
If there are discontinuities on an edge, then only the nodes on the free edges inbetween the discontinuities will be selected.
Only valid for SHELL elements.
free edges ext
Select all of the nodes on free edges of elements that contain discontinuities.
Only valid for SHELL elements.
edges
Select all of the nodes on free edges or shared edges (butt joints, L/corner joints, and T-joints) of elements.
If there are discontinuities on an edge, then only the nodes on the edge inbetween the discontinuities will be selected.
Only valid for SHELL elements.
edges ext
Select all of the nodes on free edges or shared edges (butt joints, L/corner joints, and T-joints) of elements that contain discontinuities.
Only valid for SHELL elements.
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elems
Select individual elements, or select all of the elements contained by a component or on a surface.
faces
Select all of the elements on 2D and 3D faces.
If there are discontinuities on a 2D face, then only the elements inbetween the discontinuities will be selected.
2D faces ext
Select all of the elements on a 2D face that contain discontinuities.
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value
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| • | constant value: the value of the flux magnitude. |
| • | by curve: click the curve selector and pick the curve. Next, specify the value (y scale) to apply to the curve. Optionally, you can type in an xscale if your solver supports it. |
Equations allow you to create force, moment, pressure, temperature or flux loads on your model where the magnitude of the load is a function of the coordinates of the entity to which it is applied. An example of such a load might be an applied temperature whose intensity dissipates as a function of distance from the application point, or a pressure on a container walls due to the level of a fluid inside.
Functions must be of the form magnitude= f(x,y,z). The only variables allowed are x, y and z, (lower case) which are substituted with the coordinate values of the entity to which the load is applied. In the case of grid point loads (force, moment or temperature) the grid point coordinates are used. For elemental loads (pressure or flux) the element centroid coordinates are used. In the event that a cylindrical or spherical coordinate system is used, x, y and z are still used to reference the corresponding direction. Standard mathematical operators and functions can be used; however, any functions requiring external data will not be valid. See Functions and Operators for a complete list.
| Note: | If your equation contains a syntax error, no warning message will be displayed, but any loads created will have a zero magnitude. |
Examples:
A flat plate, 20 x 20 units, lying in the X-Y plane with the origin at the center. A linear function for an applied force
magnitude = 20 – (5*x+2*y):
The same plate with a polynomial function
magnitude = x^2-2y^2+x*y+x+y:
A curved surface with a polynomial function for an applied pressure magnitude = -((x^2+2*y^2+z)/1000). The pressure function is defined in terms of the cylindrical coordinate system displayed at the top edge of the elements.
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linear interpolation: interpolate fluxes from a saved file or existing loads (linear interpolation only works with shell elements).
You can then select the desired nodes to which you wish to add loads, and pick 3 or more existing loads that enclose those nodes. When you interpolate, a triangular function is used to create additional loads on the selected nodes, with magnitudes based on the magnitudes of the loads that you had selected:
search radius: search distance to find the loads which are within that distance from a centroid or node on which a load is being interpolated. The nearest 3 loads located within that distance are used to create the load at the centroid or node by linear interpolation. Linear interpolation uses a triangulation method, so if it finds fewer than 3 loads within that distance no interpolation takes place. While reading the initial loads from a file, if linear interpolation is not possible because the search radius is too small, the original loads are simply applied to the nearest centroid or node.
field loads: interpolate and extrapolate fluxes from existing loads. You can then select the desired elements to which you wish to add loads, and any existing loads on which you wish to base additional forces.
| • | When you create, <%HYPERMESH%> uses a Green’s function with the given boundary loads in order to create the loads on all of the selected nodes. For smoothness, the gradient at the boundary points is enforced to be zero; this ensures that the extrapolated loads remain lower than the input loads. For this reason it is recommended to use representative boundary values as input to be able to capture the peaks reasonably.. |
| Note: | This version differs from linear interpolation both in the way that the load magnitudes are determined, and also in the fact that it can be applied to nodes outside the boundaries of the chosen existing loads. |
fill gap: When "fill gap" is checked, a load is created at every selected element centroid or node irrespective of the size of the search radius.
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relative size / uniform size
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This setting does not affect the flux load, only the length of its graphical indicators. Use the toggle to choose between these options, then type in a numeric value.
| • | relative size = display flux in a size relative to the model size (default 100). |
| • | uniform size = display all flux with the same size. |
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label loads
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Display the value of the flux load
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load types
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Select the desired load type; the available types depend on the current solver profile.
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face angle / individual selection
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Face angle
Value used to determine which of the selected elements are to have a flux applied. For fluxes applied to faces, once the starting face has been identified, the normals of the adjacent remaining faces are tested. If the angle between the normals is less than the face angle, a flux is applied to the adjacent element. This process continues until all of the free faces have been tested. For a flux applied to edges, the process is similar except that the angle between edges is used instead of the angle between faces.
Only available when the entity selector is set to nodes or elems and the selection mode is set to faces, 2d faces ext, free edges, free edges ext, edges, or edges ext.
Individual Selection
Select individual elements on a face or select individual free/shared edges of elements.
Only available when the entity selector is set to nodes or elems and the selection mode is set to faces, free edges, or edges.
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edge angle
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Splits edges that belong to a given face.
When the edge angle is 180 degrees, edges are the continuous boundaries of faces. For smaller values, these same boundary edges are split wherever the angle between segments exceeds the specified value. A segment is the edge of a single element.
Only available when the entity selector is set to nodes and the selection mode is set to free edges, free edges ext, edges, or edges ext.
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