vertical_stiffness

force

/length

(Yes)

-

Mean radial stiffness (required if no section [DEFLECTION_LOAD_CURVE] is specified).

vertical_damping

force

/time

/length

No

0

Mean radial damping coefficient.

step_size_contact_plane_calc

length

No

50 mm

Numerical step-size to approximate the road normal vector by numerical differentiation. Should be roughly half the contact patch width.

Fnomin

N

Yes, in case of 2002 variant

LI load

Nominal wheel load.

breff

-

Yes, in case of 2002 variant

9

Parameter Breff in determination of effective rolling radius (eq. (A3.7), p. 617 in [PAC]).

dreff

-

Yes, in case of 2002 variant

0.23

Parameter Dreff in determination of effective rolling radius (eq. (A3.7), p. 617 in [PAC]).

freff

-

Yes, in case of 2002 variant

0.01

Parameter Freff in determination of effective rolling radius (eq. (A3.7), p. 617 in [PAC]).

lateral_stiffness

force

/length

No

infinity

Lateral stiffness of the non-rolling tire; used for contact patch shift estimation due to tire forces.

longitudinal_stiffness

force

/length

No

infinity

Longitudinal stiffness of the non-rolling tire; used for contact patch shift estimation due to tire forces and for the influence of wheel load on overturning torque.

rolling_resistance

-

No

0.012

Dimensionless rolling resistance coefficient.

relaxation_length_Fx

length

No

0

Relaxation length of longitudinal force.

max_time_constant_Fx

time

No

0.3 s

Time constant upper bound for longitudinal force lag.

relaxation_length_reduction_Fx

-

No

0.7

Relaxation length reduction of longitudinal force decrease relative to force increase.

relaxation_length_Fy

length

No

0

Relaxation length of side force.

max_time_constant_Fy

time

No

0.3s

Time constant upper bound for side force lag.

relaxation_length_reduction_Fy

-

No

0.7

Relaxation length reduction of side force decrease relative to force increase.

relaxation_length_Mz

length

No

0

Relaxation length of aligning torque.

max_time_constant_Mz

time

No

0.3 s

Time constant upper bound for aligning torque lag.

relaxation_length_reduction_Mz

-

No

0.7

Relaxation length reduction of aligning torque decrease relative to torque increase.

model_switch_ref_speed

length

/time

No

0.2

Forward speed at which model is smoothly switched from ‘slip-based’ to ‘displacement-based’. The latter mode is a simplified approach for the standing tire. The reference speed is used if the calling integrator time-step is 1ms; shorter or longer time-steps decrease or increase the switching velocity, respectively.