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Element Option Guidelines |
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Element Option Guidelines |
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The following table provides some general recommendations in the choice of element formulation options.
Applications |
Material |
Property |
Hourglass |
Number of Integration Points |
Thickness |
Plasticity |
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Basic crash |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 (global) |
constant |
radial |
Crash with trapezoidal wrapped shells and with global rotation |
2 |
1 |
3(c) or QEPH |
0 (global) |
constant |
radial |
Crash with spring back medium accuracy |
2/36 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
constant |
iteration |
Crash with spring back high accuracy |
2/36 |
1 |
3(c) or QEPH |
3 |
variable |
iteration |
Crash with material failure ductile failure |
2/36 (a) |
1 |
1 |
5 |
variable |
iteration |
High quality crash |
2/36 (a) |
1 |
3(c) or QEPH |
5 |
variable |
iteration |
Crash with material failure brittle failure |
27 |
11 |
1 |
3/5 |
variable |
iteration |
Windshield |
27 |
11 |
1 |
3+1+3(b) |
variable |
iteration |
Membrane or Fabric |
1/2/19/36 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
cst/var |
rad/iter |
Composite |
25 |
9/10/11 |
1 |
1 to 30 |
not used |
not used |
Model with local hourglass excitation |
2/… |
1 |
3(c) or QEPH |
0/3/5 |
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Model with low plasticity and low velocities |
2/… |
1 |
3(c) or QEPH |
3/5 |
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| (a) | With variable thickness and iterative plasticity it is possible to model necking failure. The material hardening must be accurate. |
| (b) | For glass, plastic, and glass windshield (3 glass layers, 1 plastic layer and 3 glass layers). Less accuracy, 2+1+2 can also be used. For more complex glass plastic windshields, more layers can be used. |
| (c) | If elastoplastic hourglass (3) is used, it is recommended to use 0.1 for hm and hf and default for hr. |
