Materials

The Material Properties dialog allows you to view, add, and edit the material properties that are used for NLFE bodies.

MotionView provides a list of properties by default for commonly used materials.

material_properties_dialog_lrge_def_bodies_mv

Material Properties dialog

These material properties can be referred in either a CAD Graphic or an NLFE Body.

MotionView supports creating two types of materials:

•	Linear Elastic

•	Hyper Elastic

Isotropic, Orthotropic, and Anisotropic materials are supported within the Linear Elastic material type.

Adding a Material Property

Default materials have properties that cannot be edited. You can add your own material by clicking on the Add button.

1.	Select the Elasticity Type of the material that is being added. Available options are: Linear Elastic and Hyper Elastic.

2.	Click the Add button to bring up the Add a Material Property dialog.

add_a_material_property_dialog_mv

Add a Material Property dialog

The following options are available in the Add a Material Property dialog:

Option	Description
Label	Specify a label for the material property.
Variable	Specify a variable name for the material property.
Elasticity type	The Elasticity type will either be Linear Elastic or Hyper Elastic based on the selection in Material Properties dialog when the Add button was clicked.
Source for values	Select either the material already available to copy the property values from, or select New.

Deleting a Material Property

You can delete any material property that was added by selecting that material and clicking on the Delete button.

The following options are available in the Add a Material Property dialog:

Option	Description
Elasticity type	Specify material elasticity type. Available options are: Linear Elastic and Hyper Elastic.
Material	Select the material for viewing/editing the properties.
Type	Specify the type of material. For Linear Elastic the available options are: Isotropic, Anisotropic, and Orthotropic. For Hyper Elastic the available options are: Neo-Hookean Incompressible, Neo-Hookean Compressible, Mooney-Rivlin, and Yeoh.
Isotropic Material Properties
Approach	Works with a Beam type NLFE Body. If true, the material model considers the beam as an elastic line passing through the center line. The cross section and directional coupling effects on deformation is ignored.
Modulus of elasticity (E)	Specify the modulus of elasticity.
Poisson ratio (v)	Specify the Poisson's ratio.
Density (ρ)	Specify the material density.
Elastic strain limit(εL)	Specify a limit for the Elastic strain. For an NLFE Body, MotionSolve will provide warning whenever the strain in the body crosses this specified limit.
Anisotropic Material Properties
Stiffness [(1, 1), (1, 2),..]	Specify the elements of the 6 x 6 stiffness matrix.
Orthotropic Material Properties
Modulus of elasticity (Ex)	Specify the Young's modulus along X direction of the element.
Modulus of elasticity (Ey)	Specify the Young's modulus along Y direction of the element.
Modulus of elasticity (Ez)	Specify the Young's modulus along Z direction of the element.
Shear modulus (Gxy)	Specify the shear modulus in the XY plane of the element.
Shear modulus (Gxz)	Specify the shear modulus in the XZ plane of the element.
Shear modulus (Gyz)	Specify the shear modulus in the YZ plane of the element.
Poisson ratio (vxy)	Specify Poisson’s ratio for uni-axial loading in X direction.
Poisson ratio (vxz)	Specify Poisson’s ratio for uni-axial loading in Y direction.
Poisson ratio (vyz)	Specify Poisson’s ratio for uni-axial loading in Z direction.
Density (ρ)	Specify the material density.
Elastic strain limit(εL)	Specify the elastic strain limit.
Hyper Elastic NeoHookean-InCompressible/Compressible
Element shear modulus (µ)	Specify the shear modulus.
Poisson ratio (v)	Specify the Poisson’s ratio.
Density (ρ)	Specify the material density.
Elastic strain limit(εL)	Specify the elastic strain limit.
Hyper Elastic Mooney-Rivlin
Element shear modulus (µ01)	Specify the material constant.
Element shear modulus (µ10)	Specify the material constant.
Poisson ratio (v)	Specify the Poisson’s ratio.
Density (ρ)	Specify the material density.
Elastic strain limit(εL)	Specify the elastic strain limit.
Hyper Elastic Yeoh
Element shear modulus (c10)	Specify the material constant.
Element shear modulus (c20)	Specify the material constant.
Element shear modulus (c30)	Specify the material constant.
Poisson ratio (v)	Specify the Poisson’s ratio.
Density (ρ)	Specify the material density.
Elastic strain limit(εL)	Specify the elastic strain limit.

Note	Changing the Units of the model will automatically change the material property values to the selected units.

About Hyper Elastic Materials

For Hyper Elastic materials, different constitutive material models are supported such as: Neo-Hookean (both compressible and incompressible), Mooney-Rivlin, and Yeoh models that are used to model a hyper elastic NLFE Body.

Hyper Elastic materials can undergo large deformations with a non-linear stress strain relationship.

The constitutive models for hyper elastic materials are characterized using the strain energy density function.

The following table lists the constitutive equations for various models:

Neo-Hookean Compressible		- Strain Energy density function - Shear modulus - rx, ry, and rz are the gradients of NLFE grids , is called the 2nd Lame’s constant, is the Poisson's ratio
Neo-Hookean Incompressible		, bulk modulus
Mooney-Rivlin		and are material constants
Yeoh		, , and are material constants

The material constants for these models have to be derived through testing such as: uniaxial, bending, and shear tests.

List of Default Materials and Properties

For your convenience a set of materials are provided by default. The values of the properties provided are generic in nature, and might not be appropriate for the actual problem or material you intend to use with it. It is advised these materials be used with caution and that you obtain more accurate material properties.

Linear Elastic

Isotropic

	Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2)	Poisson Ratio (v)	Density (ρ) (kg/mm3)	Elastic strain limit (εL)
Steel	210000.0	0.3	7.86e-06	0.001
Aluminum	70000.0	0.33	2.70e-06	0.001
Cast Iron	120000.0	0.29	7.15e-06	0.001
Copper	120000.0	0.34	8.96e-06	0.001
Brass	106000.0	0.318	8.50e-06	0.001
Tin	41600.0	0.33	5.77e-06	0.001
Bronze	112000.0	0.324	8.40e-06	0.001
Nickel	207000.0	0.31	8.88e-06	0.001
Titanium	116000.0	0.34	4.50e-06	0.001
Zinc	96500.0	0.33	7.1e-06	0.001
Belt Rubber	500.0	0.42	1.50e-06	0.1

Source: www.matweb.com

Orthotropic

Wood	Property	Value
	Modulus of Elasticity (Ex) (N/mm2)	5200.0
	Modulus of Elasticity (Ey) (N/mm2)	78.0
	Modulus of Elasticity (Ez) (N/mm2)	239.0
	Shear Modulus (Gxy) (N/mm2)	192.4
	Shear Modulus (Gxz) (N/mm2)	280.8
	Shear Modulus (Gyz) (N/mm2)	26.0
	Poisson Ratio (xy)	0.488
	Poisson Ratio (xz)	0.229
	Poisson Ratio (yz)	0.231
	Density () (kg/mm3)	4e-07
	Elastic strain limit (εL)	0.001

Source: Properties calculated for wood - Balsam popular based on table 5-1 to 5-3,
David E. Kretschmann, Mechanical properties of wood, Chapter 5

Hyper Elastic

Type	Property	Value
Neo-Hookean	Shear Modulus () (N/mm2)	0.3974
	Poissons Ratio ()	0.48
	Density () (kg/mm3)	1.1e-06
	Elastic strain limit (εL)	2.0
Mooney-Rivlin	Shear Modulus ()(N/mm2)	0.1615
	Shear Modulus ()(N/mm2)	0.2856
	Poissons Ratio ()	0.48
	Density () (kg/mm3)	1.1e-06
	Elastic strain limit (εL)	2.0
Yeoh	Shear Modulus ()(N/mm2)	0.379
	Shear Modulus ()(N/mm2)	0.0232
	Shear Modulus ()	-0.0003
	Poissons Ratio ()	0.48
	Density () (kg/mm3)	1.1e-06
	Elastic strain limit (εL)	2.0

Source: : Analysis of Rubber Elastic Behaviour and Its Influence on
Modal Properties by Gabriel Anghelache and Raluca Moisescu,
University Politehnica of Bucharest