The following settings are exclusively available for seam realization types with a quad row representing the connection. Not necessarily all of these settings have to be defined for all quad realization types. Below are examples of the more complicated ones.
Input
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Description
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weld angle
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The weld angle is measured between the normal projection and the quad direction. See the pictures above.
Principally it is allowed to define weld angles between 0.0 and 90.0. If the value is set to 0.0 an internal thickness-based calculation is used. If the value is set to 0.0 and no thickness is defined the connector will fail.
If the angle is created in the wrong direction, the seam can be reverted by activating the reverse direction checkbox and performing a rerealization.
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cap angle
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The cap angle is measured in two different ways depending on the seam-quad type (see the pictures above):
• | between the normals of the cap element and the second-to-last element of the seam, |
or
• | between the edge normals of the cap element and the second-to-last element of the seam in the plane of the opposite link. |
Cap angles are created by default. Clear this check box to remove cap angles and runoff angles.
Cap angles between 0.0 and 45.0 are permitted, but be aware that larger values can lead to bad elements. The recommended value is 10.0 or smaller. Cap angles between 45.0 and 90.0 are permitted, but be aware that smaller values lead to bad elements. The recommended value is 75.0 and higher.
Only available for seam-quad (angled + capped + L) and seam-quad (angled + capped + T).
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runoff angle
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The runoff angle is measured in two different ways depending on the seam-quad type (see the pictures above):
• | between the normals of the last and the second-to-last last element of the seam, |
or
• | between the edge normals of the last and the second-to-last element of the seam in the plane of the opposite link. |
Clearing the cap angles check box removes runoff angles, which are created by default.
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height
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The height is exclusively available for the T-seam shown above. It’s measured between the projection point and the start-point of the angled quads.
Note: | The height needs to be chosen in an extent to bridge the gap between the links. Also, the height strongly influences the quad length, especially in cases of very large weld angles. |
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The following inputs are available for seam realization types with hexa row(s) representing the connection.
Input
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Description
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width
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Defines the width of the continuous hexa weld in the direction perpendicular to the seam direction.
Only available for hexa (adhesive) and hexa (RBE2-RBE3).
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strips
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Defines the number of hexa elements required along the width.
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coats
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Defines the number of hexa elements required along the thickness.
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thickness
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Use the following settings to define the thickness of a hexa weld.
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With this option the hexa seam will project and be touching the shell elements.
The position is independent from any thickness.
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With this option the hexa seam size (thickness) depends on the shell thickness of the connected parts.
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With this option the hexa seam size (thickness) is calculated as the air gap between the two connected parts. If there is no gap, or even a penetration, the hexa seam size is always modeled with 1.0.
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With this option the hexa seam size (thickness) is directly specified by giving the value.
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With this option the hexa seam size (thickness) is calculated as the gap distance reduced by two times the specified value for maintain gaps.
The position is independent from any thickness.
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Note: | The exact hexa position is also influenced by the consider shell thickness and offset for solid positioning option. See hexa positioning for hexa adhesives and ACMs. |
Only available for hexa (adhesive) and hexa (RBE2-RBE3).
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thickness dependent / angle, D and H / H1, H2 and D
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Hexa (tapered T) enables you to create tapered seam hexas for T-connections.
To define how hexas are positioned and located, select one of the following settings and assign appropriate values to any corresponding inputs.
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angle = angle to the base sheet α
d = thickness of hexa
h = height from the basesheet
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h1 = distance on T sheet
h2 = distance on basesheet
d = thickness of hexa
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Discontinuity
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By default, the length and pattern of a hexa weld is defined by test points along the seam connector. To ignore the predefined test points, and define a specific element length, weld length, and break length to realize the connector with, select the discontinuity check box. With this option, a hexa adhesive seam with alternating weld pieces and gaps is created. This option is only available for hexa (adhesive) realizations, and is inactive by default.
When discontinuity is selected, you must define the following inputs:
• | elem length specifies the length of a hexa along the seam connector. |
• | weld length/scale (elem) specifies the length of the hexa weld. |
• | break length/scale (elem) specifies the amount of space to place in between the hexa welds. |
If the defined lengths does not fit exactly to the seam connector length, mathmatical correct rounding is used. To guarantee, that the rounded lengths are not too far away from the expected values, minimum and maximum deviations are defined in the seam options.
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hexa position to edge
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Specify where to create the hexa from the edge:
• | midpoint positions the hexa to the exact location of the connector after snapping |
• | offset from edge enables you to define a distance from the edge to offset the hexa |
• | positive edge positions the hexa to the outside of the edge. The positive side is normally the side with the larger angle. |
• | negative edge positions the hexa to the inside of the edge. The negative side is normally the side with the smaller angle. |
The angle that is close to 90° (88° to 90°) the element normal of the first found shell element at the free edge decides which side is the positive and the negative side.
Only available for hexa (adhesive) and hexa (RBE2-RBE3).
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edge details
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In many cases, the connector position is not very precise. To create the requested result, an automatic edge snapping can be activated. In the first step the connector snaps to, for example, the closest free edge, and then from there the projection and FE creation starts.
Specify how many element rows away from the free edge to snap the connector to for L and T connections. Select whether to snap to:
• | no (connector does not snap) |
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Input
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Description
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width
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Specifies the length of a penta.
Available for: penta (mig), penta (mig + L), penta (mig + T), and penta (mig + B).
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fitted/equilateral/equilateral-fitted
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Defines the size and shape of a penta.
Available for penta (mig) and penta (mig + L).
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the length of one penta edge is the exact projection distance, and the length of the other penta edge is defined by the width value; the penta has an right-angle.
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creates an equilateral penta; leg lengths are defined by the width value.
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combination of fitted and equilateral; you do not need to define a width when you select this option.
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right-angled
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Creates a right-angled penta that is oriented around the bisector. If this check box is cleared, an angle adapted penta will be created.
Available for: penta (mig) and penta (mig + T).
Right-angled T-weld penta created on both sides of the normal.
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Angle adapted T-weld penta created on both sides of the normal.
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both sides/positive sides/negative sides
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Specifies which side of the normal to create the penta on.
Available for: penta (mig), penta (mig + L), penta (mig + T), and penta (mig + B).
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The negative side is the side where the links are fairly parallel to each other. The angle that is close to 90° (88° to 90°) the element normal of the first found shell element at the free edge decides which side is the positive and the negative side.
Penta (mig+L) one side
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Penta (mig+L) two side
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The positive side is normally the side with the obtuse angle. The angle that is close to 90° (88° to 92°) the element normal of the first found shell element at the free edge decides which side is the positive and negative side.
Penta (mig+T) one side, positive side
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Penta (mig+T) two side, positive and negative side
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The positive side is the side where the element normal of the first link points to.
Penta (mig+B) one side, positive side
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Penta (mig+B) two side, positive and negative side
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edge details
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In many cases, the connector position is not very precise. To create the requested result, an automatic edge snapping can be activated. In the first step the connector snaps to, for example, the closest free edge, and then from there the projection and FE creation starts.
Specify how many element rows away from the free edge to snap the connector to for L and T connections. Select whether to snap to:
• | no (connector does not snap) |
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Input
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Description
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row
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Defines how many rows of spring elements have to be created. The rows are parallel to the seam connector. The rows are distributes equidistant through the width.
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width
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Defines the distance between the outermost element rows.
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